What is the reservoir of pasteurella multocida?

multocida are inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract of a wide range of vertebrate host species (i.e. chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine, cats, dogs, rabbits). The host species are considered the primary reservoir for these bacteria and their presence in the external environment is thought to be transitory in nature.

1. Where is Pasteurella multocida found?
2. Where do you find Pasteurella bacteria?
3. How is Pasteurella multocida transmitted?
4. Where does Pasteurella come from?
5. How is Pasteurella multocida diagnosed?
6. What shape is Pasteurella multocida?
7. What is the gram morphology of Pasteurella?
8. What does Pasteurella multocida cause?
9. How is Pasteurella identified?
10. Is Pasteurella multocida aerobic or anaerobic?
11. How is Pasteurella multocida treated?
12. What kills Pasteurella multocida?
13. Do all cats have Pasteurella multocida?
14. What is haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
15. What are the symptoms of Bartonella?

Where is Pasteurella multocida found?

Pasteurella multocida is a facultative anaerobic, fermentative Gram-negative coccobacillus found in the oropharynx of healthy animals, particularly cats, dogs, and pigs, as well as various wild animals.

Where do you find Pasteurella bacteria?

Pasteurella multocida is normally found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy livestock and domestic animal species, including chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine, cats, dogs and rodents.

How is Pasteurella multocida transmitted?

Pathogenicity. Pasteurella multocida is transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals, usually following bites or scratches from cats or dogs. Respiratory tract infections may occur through airborne transmission (see Chapter 73). Occasionally, an animal source of infection is not documented.

Where does Pasteurella come from?

Pasteurella species have been cultured from a variety of animal species and are known to cause diseases such as snuffles in rabbits, pneumonia in sheep, and “shipping fever” in cattle. Not surprisingly, cases of Pasteurella infection have been documented following bites and scratches from a number of animal species.

How is Pasteurella multocida diagnosed?

multocida may be diagnosed via culture, PCR, or serology. The nasopharyx is difficult to sample in conscious rabbits, and carrier animals may have negative culture results, due to carriage of the organism in the middle ear or the paranasal sinuses. Serology is available, but does not diagnose active infection.

What shape is Pasteurella multocida?

Pasteurella spp. are very small, nonmotile, nonspore-forming Gram-negative bacteria that are coccoid, oval or rod-shaped. They often exhibit bipolar staining. They are aerobic and facultatively anaerobic.

What is the gram morphology of Pasteurella?

Pasteurella multocida is a small, gram-negative, nonmotile, non–spore-forming coccobacillus with bipolar staining features. The bacteria typically appear as single bacilli on Gram stain; however, pairs and short chains can also be seen.

What does Pasteurella multocida cause?

Respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella multocida follows a relatively nonspecific course, with cough fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain being common complaints. Pneumonia is the most common type of infection, although tracheobronchitis, empyema, and lung abscesses may also occur.

How is Pasteurella identified?

The Minitek identification of Pasteurella depends on 100% positive xylose reactions, whereas only 56% of the P. haemolytica strains were positive for xylose fermentation. The Oxy/Ferm system, instead of giving a definitive identification, in most instances merely placed Pasteurella in a category of similar organisms.

Is Pasteurella multocida aerobic or anaerobic?

Pasteurella spp are aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and grow well at 37°C on 5 percent sheep blood (the preferred culture medium), chocolate, or Mueller-Hinton agar; growth is uncommon on MacConkey's agar.

How is Pasteurella multocida treated?

If P multocida is the only isolated organism, therapy may be changed to intravenous penicillin G. Once clinical improvement is noted, oral penicillin VK is an option. Patients with penicillin allergies can receive minocycline, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or azithromycin.

What kills Pasteurella multocida?

Oral agents that usually are effective against P multocida include amoxicillin, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, doxycycline, and fluoroquinolones.

Do all cats have Pasteurella multocida?

Pasteurella spp. are part of the normal oral and respiratory tract flora of cats. However, these bacteria are commonly isolated from feline subcutaneous abscesses, pyothorax, respiratory tract diseases or other conditions, usually as a secondary agent.

What is haemorrhagic Septicaemia?

Hemorrhagic septicemia is a bacterial disease that mainly affects cattle and water buffalo, and is an important cause of livestock mortality in tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

What are the symptoms of Bartonella?

The symptoms of Bartonella can vary from mild to severe, and usually begin 5 to 14 days after infection. Common symptoms include fever, headaches, fatigue, poor appetite, brain fog, muscle pain, and swollen glands around the head, neck, and arms.